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Normandy landings: correct weather forecast saved the day – Defense News

-By Ajey Lele
June 6, 2024 will commemorate the 80th anniversary of the D-Day landings along the coast of Normandy during World War II. The skies above Normandy were once filled with the fury of war. 80 years ago, on this D-Day, Allied troops contributed to the downfall of Adolf Hitler and the liberation of Europe from his tyranny.
June 6, 1944 (D-Day) marked the largest amphibious invasion in the history of warfare. This operation was codenamed Operation Overlord. It required the Allies to use more than 5,000 ships and landing craft to land more than 150,000 troops on five Normandy beaches. It was meticulously planned, with a command team led by American General Dwight D. Eisenhower. This team was formed in December 1943 to devise strategy for naval, air and land operations, necessitating extraordinary cooperation between international armed forces.
The invasion spread into two main phases: an air assault and amphibious landings. Shortly after midnight on June 6, 1945, more than 18,000 Allied paratroopers were dropped into the invasion area to provide tactical support to the infantry divisions on the beaches. Today, the 80th anniversary celebrations have already begun with a mass parachute jump over Normandy on June 2, 2024. During 1945, Allied air forces flew more than 14,000 sorties in support of the landings.
The naval component of ‘Operation Overlord’ was known as ‘Operation Neptune’. Nearly 7,000 warships, including battleships, destroyers, minesweepers, escorts, and assault craft, participated in naval operations. These naval forces were responsible for escorting and landing more than 132,000 ground troops on the beaches. They also conducted bombardments of German coastal defenses before and during the landings, providing crucial artillery support to the invading troops.
One of the least known and rarely discussed aspects of these operations is the importance of accurate weather forecasting for their success. It is often cited that one of the most important weather forecasts in the history of warfare was that of D-Day.
For the Allied invasion to be successful, there was a need for good lighting conditions at night, so the best option could have been a night with a bright, cloudless full moon and calm sea conditions (light winds). During June 1944, the full moon and low tide coincided on the 5th, 6th and 7th of June. This means there was only a three-day window with the necessary astronomical conditions. The proposal for the invasion of Nazi-occupied France was to mount an attack on June 5, 1944.
Until the morning of June 4th the weather remained calm, accompanied by a gentle breeze. However, the situation quickly changed as a series of low pressure systems began to emerge in the North Atlantic, moving towards the English Channel. Leading the meteorological efforts was Group Captain James Stagg, Eisenhower’s chief meteorologist. In 1945, there were no satellites, radars, or computer models for weather forecasting. Instead, weather forecasts were based on pressure information gathered from instruments such as barometers, along with other observational equipment. Long-range forecasting was virtually impossible and military meteorologists could only predict the weather a day or two in advance.
Eisenhower selected June 5 as D-Day; however, Group Captain Stagg was not in favor of launching operations that day, best in this assessment of the weather. The massive landings in Normandy required ideal weather conditions. Strong winds and rough seas could have capsized the landing craft and disrupted the amphibious assaults. Furthermore, rainy weather could have paralyzed army movement and thick cloud cover could have obscured necessary air support.
A collaborative effort between meteorologists from the Royal Navy, the British Meteorological Office and the US Strategic and Tactical Air Force was crucial in the task of weather forecasting. Weather information was transmitted from multiple sources, including weather stations in Canada, Greenland, the Republic of Ireland and Iceland. Additionally, meteorological ships and flights were deployed to collect relevant data.
A specific weather station in Ireland played a key role in detecting a crucial lull in storms. This information, combined with the observations of Group Captain Stagg and his team, led them to believe that conditions would permit an invasion on June 6th. However, on the afternoon of June 4, as the weather began to deteriorate as the first storm approached, Stagg noticed a significant increase in barometric pressure. This observation came from a single report received from a ship stationed six hundred miles west of Ireland, indicating a continued increase in pressure. This led Stagg to conclude that there might be a change in the weather on June 6, forcing his commanders to postpone the operation for 24 hours.
This unique prediction was hailed as a watershed in world history. If it had been incorrect, the consequences could have been catastrophic, resulting in the loss of thousands of lives and enormous amounts of equipment. It is important to note that the weather on June 6 was not entirely clear, but there was a crucial period of relatively clear skies and decreasing winds, allowing air and sea operations.
The crux of the forecast was the prediction of a favorable window for airborne operations. Overall, the weather on the morning of June 6, 1944, was considered satisfactory for the invasion. This accurate prediction ensured that the year-long efforts of the Allied forces were not in vain.
The author is Deputy General Director, MP-IDSA, New Delhi.
Disclaimer: The opinions expressed are personal and do not reflect the official position or policy of Financial Express Online. Reproduction of this content without permission is prohibited.
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Breakfast on Wall Street: The Week Ahead

The spotlight next week will shift somewhat to the Federal Reserve’s second-quarter earnings season and monetary policy. Market watchers will be treated to results from several major names, including Dow 30 components Goldman Sachs (GS), UnitedHealth (UNH), Johnson & Johnson (JNJ) and American Express (AXP), along with streaming giant Netflix (NFLX).
The Fed will still attract some attention as investors will be eager to hear from a packed lineup of central bank speakers just before the policy meeting lockout period.
In terms of the economic calendar, after fifteen days of labor market and inflation indicators, activity data will gain momentum in the form of the latest retail sales and industrial production reports.
Earnings Highlight: Monday, July 15 – Goldman Sachs (GS) and BlackRock (Black). See the full earnings calendar.
Earnings Highlight: Tuesday, July 16 – UnitedHealth (UNH), Bank of America (BAC), Progressive (PGR), Morgan Stanley (IN), PNC Financial (PNC) and JB Hunt Transport (JBHT). See the full earnings calendar.
Earnings Highlight: Wednesday, July 17 – Johnson & Johnson (JNJ), US Bancorp (USB), Morgan Children (KMI), United Airlines (UAL) and Ally Financial (ALLY). See the full earnings calendar.
Earnings Highlight: Thursday, July 18 – Netflix (NFLX), Abbott Laboratories (ABT), Black stone (BX), Domino’s pizza (ZDP) and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing (TSM). See the full earnings calendar.
Earnings Highlight: Friday, July 19 – American Express (AXP), Halliburton (THANKS) and Travelers (VRT (return to recoverable value)) See the full earnings calendar.
IPO Observation: Hospital and healthcare clinic operator Ardent Health Partners (TARDT), insurance service provider Twfg (TWFG) and the biotechnology company Lirum Therapeutics (LRTX) are expected to price their IPOs and begin trading next week. The analyst quiet period ends at Rectitude (RECT) to free up analysts to publish ratings.
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Trump shooting: Gold could hit record high, dollar and cryptocurrencies set to jump

Police cars outside the residence of Thomas Matthew Crooks, the suspected shooter at a Trump rally on Saturday, investigate the area in Pennsylvania. Following the incident, one rally attendee was killed, two rally attendees are in critical condition and Donald Trump suffered a non-fatal gunshot wound. The shooter is dead after being shot dead by the United States Secret Service. (Photo by Kyle Mazza/Anadolu via Getty Images)
Investors will initially favor traditional safe-haven assets and may lean toward trades more closely tied to former President Donald Trump’s chances of winning the White House after he survived an assassination attempt, according to market watchers.
“There will undoubtedly be some protectionist or safe-haven flows into Asia early this morning,” said Nick Twidale, chief market analyst at ATFX Global Markets. “I suspect gold could test all-time highs, we’ll see the yen being bought and the dollar, and flows into Treasuries as well.”
Early market commentary suggested Trump’s shooting at a rally in Pennsylvania on Saturday could also prompt traders to increase his likelihood of success in the November election. His support for looser fiscal policy and higher tariffs is generally seen as likely to benefit the dollar and weaken Treasuries.
An indicator of market sentiment heading into the weekend: Bitcoin surged above $60,000, likely reflecting Trump’s pro-crypto stance.
Other assets positively linked to the so-called Trump trade include stocks of energy companies, private prisons, credit card companies and health insurers.
Traders will also be closely watching market measures of expected volatility on Monday, such as those in the tariff-sensitive Chinese yuan and Mexican peso, which have begun to price in the U.S. vote.
Trump said he was shot in the right ear after a shooting at his rally. His campaign said in a statement that he was “fine” after the incident, which prompted him to rush off the stage.
“Currencies will be the first major market on Monday in Asia to react to the weekend’s shots. There’s potential for extra volatility, and getting a clear reading could be especially difficult because liquidity will be hurt by Japan’s national holiday,” said Garfield Reynolds, Asia team leader for Bloomberg Markets Live.
Strategists had already expected a volatile run-up to the election, particularly as Democrats are still agonizing over President Joe Biden’s candidacy after his poor performance in last month’s debate raised questions about his age. Investors were also grappling with the possibility that the election could end in a drawn-out dispute or political violence.
But there is little precedent for events like those in Pennsylvania. When President Ronald Reagan was shot four decades ago, the stock market plunged before closing early. The next day, March 31, 1981, the S&P 500 rose more than 1% and benchmark 10-year Treasury yields fell 9 basis points to 13.13%, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.
Bond investors should pay particular attention as the attack is likely to boost Trump’s election chances and ultimately lead to concerns about the fiscal outlook, according to Marko Papic, chief strategist at California-based BCA Research Inc.
“The bond market must at some point become aware of President Trump’s greater chances of winning the White House than any of his rivals,” Papic wrote. “And I continue to believe that as his chances increase, so too must the likelihood of a bond market revolt.”
Kyle Rodda, senior financial markets analyst at Capital.com, said he was seeing client flows into Bitcoin and gold following the shooting.
“This news marks a turning point in American policy norms,” he said. “For markets, it means safe-haven trades, but more tilted toward non-traditional safe-havens.”
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Latest Business News Live Updates Today, July 11, 2024

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Latest news on July 11, 2024: Airtel says its new Xstream Fiber plans bundle over 350 live TV channels (Official Photo) (Reuters) Disclaimer: This is an AI-generated live blog and has not been edited by Hindustan Times staff.
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Thu, 11 Jul 2024 08:44 PM
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Business News LIVE Updates: First Abu Dhabi Bank denies interest in acquiring stake in Yes Bank: Report
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Business News LIVE Updates: US stock markets at record highs led by world’s biggest tech companies
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Jio Financial share price: Should you buy this Reliance group stock on Monday ahead of Q1 FY2024 results?
Q1 2024 Results: Jio Financial Share Price will be in focus on Monday as the Reliance Group company has a fixed board meeting on July 15, 2024 to consider and approve the company’s unaudited standalone and consolidated financial results. Trust Group company informed about the Q1 2024 Results date on Wednesday last week via an exchange filing. According to stock market experts, Jio Financial Services Limited is poised to deliver impressive Q1 results for FY25 on solid operating income. They have forecast a healthy QoQ PAT for the company in Q1 FY25.
Jio Financial Services News
Speaking on the Jio Financial Services Q1 2024 results, Manish Chowdhury, Head of Research, StoxBox, said, “We believe Jio Financial Services is poised to deliver impressive results in Q1FY25 aided by its operating income, which is likely to show robust growth driven by strong investment income, which in turn should lead to healthy PAT growth on a sequential basis. Jio Financial Services continues to make strategic moves such as launching digital products and expanding its ecosystem, with a clear focus on future growth. The company has announced plans to introduce products for lending against stocks and mutual funds, leveraging Jio’s large user base, which could be a significant growth driver in the coming quarters.”
“Furthermore, with the NBFC receiving RBI approval to become a primary investment company, Jio Financial Services is well-positioned to unlock value from its investments. Overall, we expect the company to report robust numbers in the upcoming quarter,” the StoxBox expert added.
Jio Financial Stock Target Price
Speaking about the technical outlook of Jio Financial share price, Ganesh Dongre, Senior Manager, Technical Research at Anand Rathi, said, “Jio Financial Services share price is poised to make a fresh high at the ₹260 apiece level. If the stock breaks above this mark, the Reliance Group stock could make a fresh high by touching the ₹290-₹295 zone. Hence, those with Jio Finance stock in their portfolio are advised to stick to the script by keeping a stop loss at ₹205. If the stock breaks above ₹260 decisively, then one can upgrade the stop loss at ₹240 for the near-term target of ₹295.”
On the advice to new buyers regarding Jio Financial stock, Ganesh Dongre said, “New buyers are advised to wait for the breakout. Once the stock breaks above ₹260, one can buy this Reliance Group stock at the short term target of ₹295, keeping a stop loss of ₹240 apiece.”
Disclaimer: The views and recommendations made above are those of individual analysts or brokerage firms, and not of Mint. Investors are advised to consult with certified experts before making any investment decisions.
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